that S (+should) 動詞の原形
これは 「要求・提案・命令・必要・重要性」などを表す語の後で、that節内を (should) + 動詞の原形 にする形です。特に米語では should を省略して原形、英語では should を残す形もよく使われます。
基本形:S + V / be + that + S + (should) + 動詞の原形
例:They suggested that he (should) go home.(彼らは彼が帰宅するよう提案した。)/The doctor recommended that she (should) rest.(医師は彼女に休むよう勧めた。)/It is essential that every student (should) be present.(全学生が出席することが不可欠だ。)
① 要求・命令系の動詞
▶️ demand that S (should) V「~するよう要求する」:The workers demanded that the company (should) raise their wages.(労働者たちは会社に賃金を上げるよう要求した。)
▶️ require that S (should) V「~することを要求する」:The law requires that every driver (should) carry a license.(法律はすべての運転者に免許証携帯を義務づけている。)
▶️ insist that S (should) V「~するよう強く主張する」:She insisted that he (should) apologize.(彼女は彼が謝罪するよう強く要求した。)
▶️ order that S (should) V「~するよう命じる」:The judge ordered that the prisoner (should) be released.(裁判官は囚人を釈放するよう命じた。)
▶️ command that S (should) V「~するよう命令する」:The officer commanded that the soldiers (should) retreat.(将校は兵士たちに退却を命じた。)
▶️ request that S (should) V「~するよう要請する」:We requested that the report (should) be submitted by Friday.(報告書を金曜日までに提出するよう要請した。)
▶️ ask that S (should) V「~するよう求める」:I ask that everyone (should) remain silent.(全員静かにするようお願いします。)
▶️ urge that S (should) V「~するよう強く促す」:Doctors urged that people (should) get vaccinated.(医師たちは人々に予防接種を受けるよう強く勧めた。)
② 提案・助言系の動詞
▶️ suggest that S (should) V「~するよう提案する」:I suggested that he (should) take a taxi.(彼にタクシーで行くよう提案した。)
▶️ recommend that S (should) V「~するよう勧める」:I recommend that you (should) see a doctor.(医者に診てもらうことを勧めます。)
▶️ propose that S (should) V「~することを提案する」:They proposed that the meeting (should) be postponed.(会議を延期することを提案した。)
▶️ advise that S (should) V「~するよう勧告する」:The committee advised that the plan (should) be revised.(委員会は計画を修正するよう勧告した。)
▶️ move that S (should) V「~することを動議として提出する」:I move that the meeting (should) be adjourned.(会議の散会を動議として提出します。)
③ 必要・重要性を表す形容詞
It is important that S (should) V「~することが重要だ」:It is important that he (should) arrive on time.
▶️ essential「不可欠だ」:It is essential that everyone (should) understand the rules.
▶️ necessary「必要だ」:It is necessary that she (should) be informed immediately.
▶️ vital「極めて重要だ」:It is vital that the patient (should) receive treatment immediately.
▶️ imperative「絶対に必要だ」:It is imperative that action (should) be taken now.
▶️ desirable「望ましい」:It is desirable that the system (should) be improved.
▶️ advisable「望ましい、賢明だ」:It is advisable that you (should) consult a specialist.
▶️ crucial「極めて重要だ」:It is crucial that everyone (should) follow the procedure.
④ 名詞 + that S (should) V
▶️ suggestion that ~「~すべきだという提案」:He made a suggestion that the meeting (should) be postponed.
▶️ proposal that ~「~すべきだという提案」:They accepted the proposal that the system (should) be changed.
▶️ recommendation that ~「~すべきだという勧告」:The committee made a recommendation that the law (should) be revised.
▶️ demand that ~「~すべきだという要求」:They rejected his demand that the manager (should) resign.
▶️ request that ~「~してほしいという要請」:We received a request that the deadline (should) be extended.
▶️ requirement that ~「~するという要件」:There is a requirement that all applicants (should) submit two references.
▶️ order that ~「~せよという命令」:The order that all troops (should) withdraw was issued immediately.
🔹 最大のポイントは、主語が三人称単数でも原形になることです。× I suggest that he goes home. → ○ I suggest that he go home./○ I suggest that he should go home. また be動詞も原形 be:They demanded that he be dismissed.(彼を解雇するよう要求した。)
🔹 ただし、insist / suggest では意味によって原形にならない場合があります。
insist =「~するよう要求する」 → She insisted that he (should) leave.(彼女は彼に立ち去るよう要求した。)
insist =「~だと言い張る」 → She insisted that he was innocent.(彼女は彼は無実だと言い張った。)
suggest =「~するよう提案する」 → I suggested that he (should) leave early.
suggest =「~であることを示唆する」 → The evidence suggests that he was there.(証拠は彼がそこにいたことを示唆している。)
つまり、「これから人に何かをさせる」要求・提案なら (should) + 原形、単なる事実の主張・示唆なら普通の時制です。
🔹 覚えるなら、まず demand / require / insist / order / request / urge / suggest / recommend / propose + that S (should) V、そして important / essential / necessary / vital / imperative + that S (should) V が中核です。これは一般に mandative subjunctive(要求・提案を表す仮定法現在) と呼ばれます。